If a vessel is anchored near a channel, what COLREGs considerations apply?

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A vessel at anchor does not command the passage or have priority over vessels that are moving. When you encounter an anchored vessel near a channel, your primary obligation is to avoid collision by keeping well clear and adjusting course and speed as needed. The anchor chain, swing, and the potential for the vessel to move or drag can create a hazard, especially where a channel requires careful navigation. So you should slow down, steer to pass with ample room, and avoid rubbing close to the anchored vessel or crossing its potential swing area. Hailing the vessel isn’t a requirement to determine intentions, and there’s no fixed passing distance like two ship lengths you may rely on; instead you rely on safe, prudent separation based on the situation. In short, treat the anchored vessel as a navigation hazard and give it wide, safe clearance.