What sequence should you describe to justify your collision avoidance actions?

• A. Describe lights; Determine ROC; Define rule; Decide action; Defend actions
• B. Change course; Communicate; Slow down
• C. Stop engine and wait
• D. Listen for radio

Answer: (A)

The test gauges how you justify collision avoidance by linking perception to lawful action in a clear, auditable sequence. Start by describing the other vessel’s lights because signals reveal its relative bearing, type, and status, anchoring your understanding of the encounter. Then assess the risk of collision—time to a potential closest point of approach and whether action is actually needed. Next, identify the applicable COLREGs rule for the situation, so your chosen maneuver rests on a specific requirement or recommendation. After that, decide the safe action and carry it out. Finally, explain how that action complies with the rule and eliminates the risk, so your justification stands up under scrutiny. This structured narrative is what makes your decisions defensible and consistent with proper collision avoidance practice.